Tuesday, 3 January 2017

Week 14 Progress

Conclusion

As a conclusion, development of remote sensing walker can be considered as successful.  Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is a walking support system or assistive device that is capable of supporting people with walking difficulties such as elderly, handicapped persons and persons with leg injuries such as under rehabilitation. To develop a remote sensing walker it involved two main parts, which are mechanical part and electrical or electronic part. The mechanical part consists of a support frame, control box, two castors and two wheels with motor attached to it and in the electrical or electronic circuit has the brain of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control that is microcontroller, which is part of the control circuit, controls the movement of the two motors in which consequently controls the direction of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control. There are two input mechanisms of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control in which the user can control to move and direct the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control that are on-board buttons and handheld remote control. The on-board buttons and handheld remote control navigates the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control to move in various directions that are left, right, forward, and reverse. To further enhance the capability of Handicapped Walker With Remote Control to detect obstacle in front, the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is equipped with two photo-electronic sensors at the front of support frame. Immediately after an obstacle is detected, the two motors will automatically halt. The main advantage of Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is that it can be remotely control using radio frequency remote control in which it is capable to be parked out of the way and return back to the user when the user is ready to leave. The design of the mechanical structure is drawn using the Solid Work software to make the technical drawing in 3D.However, to construct the remote sensing walker, the electrical and electronic section is also important, because it is the main part to control the function of this project. All of the circuits are drawn using the Express PCB software to construct the circuit design. Both of this part is integrated to make the tested and to ensure the functionality of the integration of this project and the result is successful.





Suggestion for Further Works
 
Although the remote sensing walker that has being developed was able to perform the required task, it still can be improved. The improvement can be made in mechanical and electrical section. The mechanical sections that can be improved are:

              i.      Mechanical structure
            ii.      Control panel box

The current material of this walker is aluminum hollow bar which this material is thin and supple and causes the structure of walker not rigid. The rigidity of the mechanical structure is very important because they have to sustained the load that are subjected to them especially the frame of the walker. To ensure that the frame is rigid, proper material selection has being done (suggestion is square hollow steel).
Beside that, the control panel box is too big and it can affect the stability of this walker while operate or movement. For suggestion, the control panel box must designed according to suitability and also consider security features. For this project, the electrical part also must be improved are:

              i.      Hand switch
            ii.      Wiring

Design of a hand switch is not suitable. The design of this switch is too big and difficult to press. The purpose of hand switch is to control the movement of the walker. To solve for this problem, the joystick is suitable to replace it. The wiring of this walker also need improve and for suggestion the suitable trunk must used so that this walker will look nice and the safety can be improve.






REFERENCES


1stSenior Care, (2007). “Push Walker.” [Online].Available at: http://www.1stseniorcare.com/html/handicapped_walker_a.html (Accessed: 12 August 2016).

1stSeniorCare, (2007). “Lift Walker.” [Online].Available at: http://www.1stseniorcare.com/html/handicapped_walker_a.html (Accessed: 12 August 2016).

Allegro Medical, (1997). “Aluminum Rolling Walker Rollator.” [Online].Available at: http://www.allegromedical.com/walkers-c516/aluminum-rollator-with-6-wheels-red-p554761.html (Accessed: 12 August 2016).

Bartelt, T. (2006). “Industrial  Control Electronic:Devices, System, and Application.” New York: Tomson Delmar Learning, pp.91-92, pp.115-116, pp.143-144, pp.146-147, pp.157, pp.383-384, pp.385, pp.391-392.

Beginning RC, (2001). “Electronic Speed Controller.” [Online].Available at: http://www.beginningrc.com/img-rc/_t_27_1-esc_speed_controller.jpg (Accessed: 30 August 2016).

Cytron, (2006). “Lead-acid.” [Online].Available at: http://www.cytron.com.my/listProductCategory.asp?cid=99 (Accessed: 31 August 2016).

Cytron, (2006). “Wheel” [Online].Available at: http://www.cytron.com.my/listProductCategory.asp?cid=278 (Accessed: 2 September 2016).

Boye, D. (2008) “Rolling Friction.” [Online].available at: http://webphysics.davidson.edu/faculty/dmb/PY430/Friction/rolling.html  (Accessed: 1 October 2016).

Dynetic, (1972). “Gearmotor.” [Online].Available at: http://www.dynetic.com/gearmotors.htm (Accessed: 1 October 2016).

Fauzi, M. (2004). “Microcontroller Interfacing Circuit.” Kuala Lumpur: Revolution Education, pp.23.

Groover,M.P. (2008). “Automation, Production System, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.”United States: Pearson Prentice Hall, pp.278-279, pp.280-281.

Houston, T.T. and Metzger, R. H. (1989). “Powered Walker.” U.S.Pat. 4,802,542.

Lathrop, J. (1996). “Powered Walker Having Integrated Parallel Bars.” U.S. 5524720 Pat. 5,524,720.

Lobo Auto Parts Supply. “Power Window motor.” [Online].Available at: mykomo.com/komopwm.html (Accessed: 27 October 2016).

Made-in-China.com.” Polyolefin Wheels.” [Online].Available at: www.made-in-china.com (Accessed: 27 October 2016).

Mahoney,E.F. (2006). “Electricity, Electronics, and Wiring Diagram for HVAC/R.”United State: Pearson Prentice hall, pp.84, pp.85, pp.134, pp.173, pp.390, pp.391.

McFarland,G. (2006). “Microcontroller Design.”United States:McGraw-Hill,pp.1-2, pp.128, pp.130-131, pp.135-136, pp.138, pp.142-144, pp145-147, pp.151-153.

Muiza. “Modern Walker.” [Online].Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/walker (tool) (Accessed: 21 October 2016). 

Omron. “Electrical and Electronic Relay.” [Online].Available at: http://www.omron-ap.com/product_info/LY/relay_ly_pic01_01oct2000.jpg (Accessed: 21 October 2016).

Omron. “Inductive Proximity Sensor.” [Online].Available at:http://www.omronap.com.my/product_info/E2FQ/e2fq_proximity_sensor_small.jpg (Accessed: 21 October 2016).

Pepperl + Fuchs, Inc. “Photoelectric Sensor.” [Online]. Available at: http://www.am.pepperl-fuchs.com/pdf/documents/photo-rect-housings.jpg (Accessed: 3 September 2016).

Rakes, C. D. (1997). “DC Motor Drive.” [Online].Available at: www.electronic-project-design.com (Accessed: 2 August 2016). 

Remote Control Technology, Inc. “Wireless Remote Control.” [Online].Available at: http://www.remotecontroltech.com/  (Accessed: 2 September 2016).

Sabah Oceanic, (1993). “Lithium-ion.” [Online].Available at: http://www.sabahoceanic.com/epages/sabahoceanic.sf/en_US/?ObjectPath=/Shops/sabahoceanic/Categories/Lith/Panasonic  (Accessed: 31 August 2016).

Society of Robots, (2005). “AC Motor” [Online].Available at: http://www.societyofrobots.com/images/actuators_acmotor1.jpg (Accessed: 21 October 2016).

Tamiya.“Mechanical Speed Controller.” [Online].Available at: www.tamiya.com  (Accessed: 21 October 2016).

Tamiya.“RF Remote Control.” [Online].Available at: www.tamiya.com  (Accessed: 21 October 2016).

Ulrich, (1993). “Aluminum Profile.” [Online].Available at: http://www.ullrich-aluminium.co.nz/profile/profile.htm (Accessed: 21 October 2016).

Vasilis,S. ( 2004).“4 Channel RF Remote Control.” [Online].Available at: http://www.serasidis.gr (Accessed: 21 October 2016). 

Vortex Technologies Ltd.”Square Hollow Steel.” [Online].Available at: http://www.vortexindia.net/aboutus.html (Accessed: 21 October 2016).


Thursday, 29 December 2016

Week 13 Progress

Discussion


The major problem of this project is noise in electrical and electronic circuit. Generally, noise is interference frequency or signal has happened at electronics or electrical components. In every electrical or electronic device, noise is a common problem which, to reduce it, selection of good electronic and electrical components is important to minimize noise. Although in circuit design the method of noise suppressing has been implemented, noise can still happen. This is because; the way of the wiring of the whole circuitry and other things can still produce noise. Among the things that can cause noise are:

                    i.            Along the motor wires.
                  ii.            By radiation from the motor body and wiring.
                iii.            From the motor body through it’s mounting.
                iv.            It happens of component that does not can function or damaged.




Although noise can cause lots of problems to the system, it can’t be killed. These methods can be used to minimize the noise in the system are:

                    i.            Make sure the gear of motor free from corrosion and in generally good condition.
                  ii.            Make sure dirt cannot get into the motor especially through the ventilation holes.
                iii.            The wire of the motor supply current must be suitable such as multi core wire (ø3mm).
                iv.            Keep ‘hot’ wire far apart from each other.

‘Hot’ wires will generally be motor to controller and controller to the battery wires. The wires are considered hot because any two wires running parallel to each other for any distance interact because of mutual inductance and capacitance. If they must be in close proximity, screened cable must be used. For this whole project, other problems there were some identified either in mechanical and electrical parts. Problems of this project must be overcome to be sure function of project is the best and perfect. Others problems also can be found on this project are:



PROBLEMS
SOLUTION
Battery unsuitable because a current is lowest (1.2 amp).
This project using two power window motor which each motor can operate with minimum current (2 amp).To solve this problem, the high current battery must be use  to support both of power window motor (suggestion is 4 amp and above).
RPM of power window motor too high
(3600 RPM for 12VDC).
For this project, selection of motor is important because the movement of this walker must be smoothly. To avoid this problem, RPM for this motor must be reduce by using the suitable gear motor (suggestion is 50RPM).

Tuesday, 27 December 2016

Week 12 Progress

Bill of Material (B.O.M)


NO
ITEMS
QUANTITY
PRICE (RM)
1
Walker
1
125.00
2
Power Window motor (12V)
2
260.00
3
Rubber wheel ( 6 inch diameter)
2
       54.00
4
Castor wheel ( 2 inch diameter)
2
21.00
5
Relay (5V)
4
10.00
6
Relay ( 6V)
3
7.50
7
Relay (12V)
2
5.00
8
Resistor (10K)
10
1.00
9
Resistor (1K)
8
0.80
10
Capacitor
4
1.60
11
Crystal (20Mhz)
1
2.00
12
Diode
5
1.50
13
Transistor (Tip 41)
4
1.50
14
Lithium polymer battery (12VDC)
1
267.00
15
Universal charger
1
335.00
16
Box
1
20.00
17
Keypad switch
1
18.00
18
Microchip Base
1
12.00
19
Voltage indicator
1
67.00
20
Microchip
1
25.00
21
Voltage regulator LM7805
1
1.50
22
Wrapping cable
5 meter
9.00

Estimation Cost (RM)
1412.40








































Specification of Remote Sensing Walker




Item

Specification

Frame
Height : 95 cm
Wide (up):30 cm x 50 cm
Wide ( bottom): 45 cm x 55 cm
Rubber wheel
Dia.3.5 inch @8.89cm
Castor wheel
Dia.1.5 inch@ 3.81cm
Weight
7.8 kg
Hand switch box
7cm x 5cm
Remote control range
5 meter
Control panel box
25 cm x 20 cm
PIC battery
10VDC (1000mA)
Motor Battery
12VDC ( 4Amp)
Battery life
10 hours


         Result



 Below shown the finishing and final product oh the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control 
















EXPERIMENT 1: Smooth Surface and Rugged Surface


This experiment is to determining the motion of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control on the smooth surface and rugged surface. According to Boye (2008), rolling resistance sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the resistance that occurs when a round object such as a wheel on a flat surface. The rolling resistance is the force that resists the rolling of a wheel or other circular object along a surface caused by deformations in the object and surface Additional contributing sources include surface adhesion and relative micro-sliding between the surfaces of contact. It depends very much on the material of the wheel or tire and the sort of ground. In this experiment, the movement of Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is testing on the mosaic. This walker has two wheels and two castors which the material of Handicapped Walker With Remote Control wheel and castor is made of rubbers. Below shown a human control the motion of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control in manually the picture after that are shown the motion of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is control by remote control on the smooth and rugged surface which the  motion of Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is testing in linear condition. From the observation, when contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two surfaces converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, or heat and the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control can move in normal condition and wheels and castors of the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control is not spin on the mosaic.

   
 Rugged surface

 Smooth surface






EXPERIMENT 2: Hilly road (uphill)


This experiment is to determine the ability the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control move on hilly road. Generally, if we consider the rotation as being about the center of mass of the object, then the frictional force must be in a direction to provide the torque necessary to decrease or increase the angular velocity, depending on whether the object is accelerating or decelerating, respectively.  Note that the friction can be in the direction of motion (rolling downhill) or opposite to it (rolling uphill). In this experiment, to testing the ability of Handicapped Walker With Remote Control, a human press the switch to climb the hill (uphill).From the observation, the Handicapped Walker With Remote Control has ability to uphill which it can move in stable condition. Figure 5.7 are shown the result of this experiment.